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Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry performed on a preferential basis by the orthodontist. The term also refers to the science that is in charge of the study, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of abnormal shape, position, relation and function of structures dentomaxilofaciales; still pursue the art to prevent, diagnose and correct alterations and maintain within an optimal state of health and harmony through the use and control of different types of forces.
Dentomaxilares structures by means of the full set of teeth with their alveolar bone giving attachment to the jaw, over the bones, upper and lower jaw (mandible) - containing the teeth and alveolar processes, along that shape the lower two thirds of the face.
Orthodontics has been historically divided into two major sections or trends that have focused their study by giving it the appearance prepoderancia dental bone or aspect of the problem. On one hand it is known as orthodontic science that idealizes the position of the teeth and alveolar processes and another that looks from a broader view, the jaws in their development, which is generically known as dento-facial orthopedics. Both areas have different criteria, but the reality is that they often overlap. Therefore, both concepts are intregran under the generic concept of Orthodontics, understood in its integrator that studies and treats each patient as a whole to its peculiarities. Orthodontic treatment can be done in two ways depending on the type of forces that are applied are mainly: - The technique determined by fixed appliances is composed of elements attached to the teeth (brackets and bands) who are firmly fine elastic arches of metal alloy (nickel-titanium)
- The removable, which can be removed from the mouth by the patient. This enables you to remove during the oral hygiene and meals. These devices when seeking dental problems that have their specific indications not replace the fixed orthodontics, while solving some simple malocclusions with a lower cost and less inconvenience for patients. On the other hand tend to be widely used in orthopedics of the jaws with very diverse, but always more that orthodontia multibrackets field. Are primarily used as a treatment in teeth (or early childhood), where certain disease states can be diagnosed in time to correct, to the extent that the treatment in the permanent dentition is very specific or even unnecessary.
In many cases patients need both techniques for solving your problem. One speaks then of treatments in two phases: a first removable, made at an early age with an intent or interceptive orthopedic and essentially a second phase of Orthodontics fixes made to older, once it has occurred or is about to occur Complete replacement tooth. - There is a close relationship between Orthodontics and Speech (Logopedics Phoniatrics or in some countries), the latter is working on treatments bounded. The procedure for phonetic structural modification of the mouth breathing, atypical swallowing, and change the dislalias accomplished oral and perioral muscle function allowing the jaws are developed and maintained the results obtained ortondóncicos.
- The correction of severe facial and jaw deformities, which dramatically alters the aesthetics, oral function and psychological well-being of patients requiring surgical care of the problem, especially in adults, when the orthopedic treatment is impossible, then finished remodeler capacity development and the possibilities of orthopedic interfere on it. In this specific approach of Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics is called orthognathic surgery and should be carried out since the beginning of the interdisciplinary diagnosis by the orthodontist and maxillofacial surgeon.
- The Modern Orthodontics interacts extensively with other dental disciplines, with the orthodontist to know the limitations and resources from other disciplines to integrate their treatment, from a broader view that the only orthodontist. Is practiced, usually in teams, multidisciplinary treatments, with the support of Periodontics, the prosthesis, dental aesthetics, etc.., Which individually would be impossible or significantly incomplete.
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